COMMUNITY PIG
REVOLVER SCHEME (CPRS) AND
ESTEBLISHMENT
OF SWINE MULTIPLICATION CENTRE
(SMC) IN NGUGULO
VILLAGE- KAKINDU SUB COUNTY UGANDA
 |
| Pigsty to work as a multiplication centre for piglets to be donated |
1. Introduction
Approximately 80 per cent of the Ugandans depend on
agriculture for their livelihoods and the sector generates 90 per cent of the
country’s export earnings (OneWorld, 2009). Uganda has one of the highest
population growth rates in the world, with the large majority of the population
residing in rural areas (USDS, 2010). Although its Human Development Index has
improved over the past decade and income poverty has improved considerably, it
remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Its rural population is
particularly impoverished (UNDP, 2007).
Uganda’s
unemployment rates are among the highest in the world, with 32 per cent of
young people out of work. According to statistics from the Uganda Bureau of
Statistics (Ubos) and Uganda Investment Authority (UIA), of the more than
400,000 young Ugandans who enter the labour market each year, only about 113,000
are absorbed in formal employment, leaving the rest. While the national
unemployment rate stands at 3.5 percent of the youth is a whopping 32.2 per
cent and higher for degree holders - 36 per cent. This worrying figures are,
however, not conclusive as the government department in charge of labour does
not have current aggregate figures on unemployment and underemployment. The
unemployment story is playing in an environment where Uganda's population
growth rate is the third highest in the world at 3.5 per cent. The youth and
young people constitute almost 78 per cent of 34 million Ugandans.
In
Uganda particularly the district of Mityana-Mwera Parish in Bussujju
Constituency, the majority of the population lives in rural areas, engaged in
agriculture and lives in absolute poverty. The government has since 1990s made
the eradication of poverty apart of its development framework. A key goal of
the plan is to raise smallholder farm incomes and cause rural economic
transformation and the modernization of agriculture in the next 20 to 25 years.
During the last decade the country has witnessed modest increases in the
agricultural production mainly as increase in production and to a limited
extent, use of improved technology. These increases have not however resulted
in increased profitability of agricultural production, and household income.
Uganda’s population was 24 Million people (National population census 2002) and
now estimated to be 34 Million people remains largely poor, with at least 40%
living in absolute poverty. And many of the rural poor remain outside the
monetary economy, mainly producing for subsistence.
1(i) Poverty in Uganda
Poor
people define poverty as not just the lack of incomes, but also the lack of
means to satisfy basic social needs, as well as a feeling of powerless to break
out of the feeling of poverty, insecurity of person and property. Poverty is
caused by factors among others, Inadequacies in access to natural resources,
human factors, financial assets and social capital and infrastructure. The
multitude of these causes of poverty clearly show the frustration poor people
face in trying to move out of poverty. Poverty is mainly a rural phenomenon as
48% of the rural people is below the absolute poverty line compared to 16% of
urban dwellers. Since more than 85% of the population live in rural areas any
interventions must first foremost focus on these areas. Statistics show that
one of the main ways of reducing rural poverty in rural areas of Uganda has
been the ability to produce and market traditional cash crops, specifically
coffee. Household in the food crop sector have experienced only modest of
poverty reduction compared to those dealing in cash crops.
1(ii) The Gender Dimension of Poverty.
The
principle dimensions of poverty in Uganda include gender, livelihood, location
and seasonality- women have not benefited as much as men in decrease in poverty
noted in the previous years. The main reason for that is that women do not have
as much opportunities for social and economic development as men, particularly
in rural areas. Secondly, the division of labor in agriculture in Uganda rural
areas is complex.
Food
production is the domain of women, whereas men in general concentrate on
livestock and cash crops that have greater potential for income generation.
Further, women have little control of resources or income generated from the
sale of products. In general, women lag below men in terms of education levels
and income generation. They face barriers in participation in community
development due to lack of mobilization, lack of time and failure to see the
benefit of their participation. Women can also be discriminated against in land
and other production factors. When they are involved in production of crops
that generate income, they do not benefit from the intra-household share of
this income. Women in general do not
own land, although they have access for growing food.
Often
the increasing workload of women in cultivating cash crops and the subsequent
reduced cultivation of a variety of household food crops may in some cases
result into decreasing welfare of the family although households’ incomes have
increased. Given this scenario, the reduction of household poverty must involve
the participation of women in those economic activities that they can have
control for example piggery.
1.1 Background of the
project
Pig Production
This is simply the keeping of pigs for home
meat and income generation. Pigs also provide manure which facilitates proper
growth and yield of food crops. Pigs can be raised in controlled or free
environment, as a small- or large-scale business. But in whatever size, a
prospective farmer would need inputs as to how to raise pigs efficiently and in
a more productive manner.
Pigs
have a number of advantages that suit rural citizens making it one of the best
way to run to in order to solve the issue of poverty. The pig has highest feed
conversion efficiency i.e. they produce more live weight gain from a given
weight of feed than any other class of meat producing animals except broilers.
Pigs
store fat rapidly for which there is an increasing demand from poultry feed,
soap, paints and other chemical industries. Pig farming provides quick returns
since the marketable weight of fatteners can be achieved with in a period of
6-8 months. There is good demand from domestic as well as export market for pig
products such as pork, bacon, ham, sausages, lard etc.
1.2 Potential of Pig
Production in Achieving MDGS
In
September 2000 heads of state and governments met at the Millennium Summit and
agreed on a set of eight goals, 18 targets and 48 indicators on development and
poverty eradication.
These
came to be known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). They included a
set of targets for development and poverty eradication mainly inspired by the
International Development Goals (IDGS) or International Development Targets
(IDTs).
The
following MDGs were agreed upon:
·
Eradicate
extreme poverty and hunger
·
Halve
the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day
·
Halve
the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
·
Achieve
universal primary education
·
Ensure
that boys and girls alike complete primary schooling
·
Promote
gender equality and empower women
·
Eliminate
gender disparity at all levels of education
·
Reduce
child mortality
·
Reduce
by two-thirds the under-five mortality rate
·
Improve
maternal health
·
Reduce
by half the maternal mortality rate
·
Combat
HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
·
Reverse
the spread of HIV/AIDS
·
Ensure
environmental sustainability
·
Integrate
sustainable development into country policies and reverse loss of environmental
resources.
·
Halve
the proportion of people without access to potable water.
·
Significantly
improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.
·
Develop
a global partnership for development
·
Raise
official development assistance
·
Expand
market access
Pig
production has great potential to achieve several of these MDGs. Pig-keeping
can eradicate extreme poverty as the reproductive cycle is short. One sow can
farrow twice in one year.
The
capital input into pig-keeping may be high but the returns are quick and good.
With improving and new market opportunities, pig-keeping can eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger.
As
reported in several areas, money from the sales of pigs is used to buy
foodstuffs and commodities for households. Governments, NGOs and communities
can invest in improved pig production to eradicate extreme poverty. Money from
sale of pigs is also used for paying school fees and buying uniforms. Pig
production can contribute to the achievement of the second MDGs – achieving
universal primary education.
Pig
production can also contribute to the third MDGs as women manage and feed the
pigs. They can be empowered through initiatives and policies in pig production.
Establishing these new principles and practices will contribute to the
achievement of MDGs four and five.
It
is necessary to involve women more in the marketing of pigs to achieve these
goals. Improvement and promotion of pig production among the youth and other
active group will provide employment and engagement thereby reducing the spread
of HIV/AIDS. The formation of pig-keeping groups will also provide a forum for
sharing experiences and strategies to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Pig
production and marketing has the potential to contribute towards global
development partnerships. With improved and enhanced pig production, it will be
necessary to expand domestic and foreign market access, thereby contributing to
the eighth MDG.
1.3 The Potential of
Pig Production in achieving household poverty reduction.
In
all production types, pig-keeping plays an important role in household income.
The pig’s short breeding cycle leads many farmers to take the view that
smallholder pig- keeping is the livestock equivalent to cash crops and has
potential to improve rural livelihoods. In the traditional free range system,
the sale of piglets or finished pig provides money needed to pay school fees
and hospital bills, buy clothes and food, and build better houses.
The
pig acts as the farmers’ bank. Improved marketing through forming farmer
groups, providing access to credit, and equipping farmers with basic knowledge
about pig farming present opportunities for profitable pig production under
this system.
Among
the various livestock species, piggery is most potential source of meat
production and more efficient feed converters after the broiler chicken. Apart
from providing meat, is also a source of bristles and manure. Pig farming will
provide employment opportunities to rural women and youth. Exploitation of pigs
provides a sustainable, environmentally beneficial food and income source for
people in Uganda.
The
potential for piggery farming has not been exploited given several factors that
favor its development in Uganda. There is a rich variety of both indigenous and
exotic breeds. Good environment and climatic conditions that favor growth of
the necessary foods to feed both humans and pigs and favor animal survival.
Easy integration in the crop production systems providing nutrients required
through pig wastes. Indigenous knowledge and skills that can be easily
developed through training. Low technology requirement and ease
processing. Pigs are particularly
suitable in high-potential smallholdings since they need less land compared
with other livestock. High human population and a corresponding reduction in
farm size have made it necessary to maximize use of land – enhancing the
viability of pig farming.
The
short reproductive cycle for pigs is favourable and farmers are able to take
advantage of this if assured of market support and stability.
1.5 Government
Intervention:
The
government of Uganda through its development schemes for example Bonna
Bagagawale (Luganda words meaning all should get rich), NAADs (National
Agricultural Advisory Services) has tried to help rural people out of poverty
but the impact of this has been minimal due to corruption and a few households
have benefited. Therefore there is a need to support government to combating
poverty in Uganda and for such to happen Community Pig Revolver scheme (CPRS)
has to be implemented.
Vision
Achieving
sustainable development through sustainable means for rural communities
Mission
To
foster sustainable agricultural development through value chain of pig production
and enhance the engagement of rural poor farmers in cooperation for development
activities.
Over role project goal.
To
address rural house hold poverty by enhancing productive capacity needs of
rural farmers through pig farming.
Objectives
Main
objectives;
·
Fighting
rural household poverty with focus to women and youth.
·
Creating
employment opportunities to rural poor.
·
Increasing
and developing pork/pig production in the Parish
·
Set up
a Swine Multiplication Centre (SMC) for breeding, training and demonstration.
·
Training
farmers in appropriate and recommended practices of free range
system/scavenging (most sustainable/cost effective) among others.
·
Give
rural farmers quality indigenous and exotic breeds pig breeds for rearing
·
Contribute
to government’s programme of Bonna Baggagawale (Economic Empowerment for all)
·
Engage
rural communities into cooperation for development.
·
To
support 75 pig farmers by donating to them quality breed piglets for farming by
end of project year 5
·
Training
rural farmers in Savings and Credit Cooperatives (micro credit operations) and
development through micro saving and investment.
Target Beneficiaries
While
the need for this project is wide spread, the Community Pig Revolver Scheme
(CPRS), is expected to cater for at least 150 beneficiaries in 4 villages of Mwera
Parish in the year of implementation. It
is our hope that the project is successful so that in subsequent years all
villages will be covered.
However
the training for effective pig rearing practices will continue and by 3 years
all villages will covered
Project Implementation
Summary
Kuandaa
Uganda will undertake the role of implementing Community Pig Revolver Scheme
(CPRS) and establishing Swine Multiplication Centre (SMC). It will be located
at Ngugulo Village, Mwera Parish, Busujju Consitituency, Mityana District
(Central Uganda)
Project Management
Summary
The
project will be managed by 3 individuals that will be determined by Kuandaa
Uganda. Individual above shall provide spiritual, moral and technical support
and shall assist the organization in attaining its goals and objectives.
Roles of Project
Management Staffs.
1.
Organizing
and selecting rural farmers to benefit from the CPRS project
2.
Training
rural farmers in pig rearing practices
3.
Supporting
farmers with quality breed piglets for rearing
4.
Giving
other added services like vaccination, treatment of sick animals, castration,
waste management, microcredit etc.
5.
Supporting
farmers with micro credit at a micro interest for needs like school fees,
treatment etc. We intend to use the pigs as collateral security.
6.
Training
farmers in vegetable growing using the waste materials from pig rearing.
7.
Training
farmers in selected grass growing for pig feeds for example training farmers in
growing Elephant grass treatment of malaria, repelling mosquitoes and boosting
immunity in pigs.
Target beneficiaries
1.
Individual/House
Hold Subsistence Farmers. This segment will include individuals/families that
are economically poor and cannot afford other systems of pig rearing like
building a concrete pig sty other than free range system/scavenging, will
quality for 1-2 piglets.
2.
Women/Youth
Groups. This segment will include
village women/youth coming together to form a group with aim of raising enough
resources that will help them rear a number of pigs in desired conditions, will
qualify for 5-10 piglets.
Uniqueness of the
project/ Operations and Risk management
KUANDAA UGANDA will employ a system of; DONATE-REAR-DONATE-SALE.
DONATE
KUANDAA
UGANDA will donate to farmers as already segmented above quality breed piglets
of either indigenous or exotic. This will happen after sensitizing, training, selecting
beneficiaries and Signing the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). Under
training, farmers will be trained in appropriate pig rearing practices under
zero grazing and free range system/scavenging.
REAR
After
getting quality pig breeds, farmers will rear the pigs following the agreed
procedures during the training. The roles of KUANDAA UGANDA will be; to monitor
routinely the farmer to see if the standard pig rearing practices are being
followed, to treat sick pigs, to deworm the pigs, to vaccinate the pigs, to
conduct continuous capacity development, Help the farmers during the mating
season by allowing them use quality boars at SMC, Monitoring the gestation
period of the pig and lastly selling food supplements to farmers in any case
they need them for faster growth of their pigs.
DONATE
After
the pigs have produced, it will be a mandate of the farmer to donate two
piglets without considering any number of piglets produced. These piglets will
be passed on-to other farmer (s) under the categories seen above.
SALE
By
signing the MoU with KUANDAA UGANDA, farmers will be guarantying to sell their
mature pigs to the organization. This will help the organization to make a
profit that will ensure its sustainability and expansion of the scheme to other
areas and other countries in subsequent years of operation.
Managing Competition
There is virtually no project of this nature
(CPRS) in Uganda with such uniqueness and high level of sustainability. This resembles
how Heifer
International and Send A Cow Uganda operates.
Therefore with our business being unique and highly sustainable, we are more
than assured that it will work and that it will touch rural poor in many
communities.
Profitability
The
organization will be making a profit from commissions on pig sales. We hope to
bargain for a good price from pig traders in Kampala.
Risk management
Realizing
that pig production business is dependent on disease free environment, we shall
employ a Veterinary Extension Officer who will assist the organization in
coming with appropriate control measures of African Swine fever, H1NI among
others.
We
shall employ strict Code of Conduct in the business for example ensuring
extreme adherence to sanitation at SMC and by farmers. Also we shall employ
standard waste management practices at SMC and also urge the farmers to follow
that.
We
shall conduct periodical vaccination and inspection and we shall create
community alert system for any disease outbreak.
We
shall cooperate with numerous government bodies and NGOs for capacity building and
other needed support for example UN FAO, National Agriculture Advisory Services
(NAADS), National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO), Heifer
International and among others.
Business Relationship
To
minimize losses, all farmers will sign a legally backed MoU with KUANDAA UGANDA
with which all standard code of operations and practices will be detailed out
i.e the roles of KUANDAA UGANDA in the partnership and the roles of farmer(s)
and the penalties if violated.
Sustainability of the
project.
The
project will be funded for one year and thereafter the project will be self-sustained.
We hope to cooperate with other Conferences and Churches in the UMC connection
for further funding if the need arises, these will be international personnel.
Locally we intend to cooperate with the Uganda Red Cross Society. This will help us lower our administrative
costs since all those individuals will not be paid salaries.
We
intend to have all staffs work voluntarily except the Veterinary Officer for
year 1.
(i)
We also intend to set the SMC on Land with or near a
water channel/source for free water to be used at the center.
We intend to grow food crops like corn and
nutritious grasses in order to lower our feeding costs as well as vegetables to
be sold to communities around at a fee.
After
10 years, we hope to construct a pork processing factory for beacon, ham,
sausages
How the project will be
sustained during the second year of operation?
Besides
the above different ways of how we are to sustain the whole project, second
year of the project has a unique process because this is when the organization
will be directly responsible for all the costs to be incurred, in other words
financing the continuity of the project.
We
are envisioning second year to be a little challenging financially but this how
we intend to go about it.
1.
Growing
palatable grasses and maize corn in order to reduce the cost of buying feeds
2.
Reducing
the number of farmers to be trained and we intend we intend to raise slightly
the intended subscription fee.
3.
Look
out for government support for multivitamins, medicines and other technical
support.
4.
Farmers
will contribute a fee for multivitamins, medicines and other services.
5.
We
intend to partner with National Agricultural Advisory Centre (NAADS) for
technical support.
6.
We
hope to open up Advance Special with GBGM
Project Monitoring and
Evaluation
We shall institute monitoring
mechanism which will be an ongoing throughout the whole project life spam and
evaluation at agreed specified period i.e. monthly and quarterly basis. This
activity will be given a lot of attention because of its importance for the
successful implementation of the project and achieving its objectives. Monthly and quarterly activity reports will
be generated and submitted to Kuandaa International. This is how it will be
done; we shall collect primary
data and analyze it to assess the contribution of the program towards the
proposed goal and objectives and the extent of adoption of proposed
interventions and coverage. Both
qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to capture the desired
information.
Financial monitoring: routing
tracking of costs against planned activities and budget line shall be done to
ensure financial efficiency
This is
how success will look like at the end of years one, two and five.
Years
|
Success/Project Indicators
|
One
2015-2016
|
·
Mobilizing and Training 5
farmers in pig rearing
·
Giving out 10 piglets to
farmers
|
Two
2017-2018
|
·
Mobilizing and Training 10
farmers in pig rearing
·
Construction of the Swine
Multiplication Centre
·
Donating 20 piglets to pig
farmers.
·
Creating employment
opportunities for people directly or
indirectly linked to CPRS
·
Market 10 mature fattener
pigs.
|
Three
2019-2020
|
·
Mobilizing and Training 15
farmers in pig rearing
·
Breeding and donating 30 piglets to pig farmers
·
Marketing 20 mature fattener pigs from the CPRS
·
Extend the project other
counties of Bussubizi and Zigoti parishes
|
Four
2016-2017
|
·
Mobilizing and Training 20
farmers in pig rearing
·
Breeding and donating 40 piglets to pig farmers
·
Marketing 40 fattener pigs from the CPRS
·
Extend the project other to
other parishes
|
Five
2017-2018
|
·
Mobilizing and Training 25
farmers in pig rearing
·
Breeding and donating 50 piglets to pig farmers
·
Building a Slaughter house
·
Expanding the project to
another district-Mubende district
·
Partnering with an investor
and having pork sales outlets established
·
Reduction poverty at both
household/community level.
|
Staffing
Given
the nature of the project, we don’t expect to have more than 5 paid staff. It
is our plan to take up most of technical roles relating to the organization and
the project. The organization initiators will take these positions in the
project.
Project Coordinator;
Project Administrative
officer;
Project Accountant
Officer;
Agricultural Extension
Worker with roles of treating, vaccinating,
castrating of animals, and training or famers as well as establishing working
relationship with Government of Veterinary authorities and NGOs in the same
service delivery.
We
shall employ 3 support Staff with roles of cleaning, feeding the animals and
maintaining security at the SMC
Future trends
.
In 10 years, KUANDAA UGANDA intends to build a factory processing 40 pigs per
day for products such as ham, bacon, sausages etc.
10
percent of the carcasses will come from KUANDAA UGANDA farm while the rest
(90%) will be supplied by rural farmers
Products
from the factory will have a number of outlets in the domestic market: tourist
hotels
around
Kampala; tourist hotels; lodges and institutions major supermarkets (Uchumi,
Nakumatt,Tuskys); other mass markets (kiosks, retail outlets) .
The
company will have its own refrigerated vehicles which will transport over 90
percent of the products to various destinations in Uganda and neighboring
countries.
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